Japanese Animation And Its Globalization

Japanese Animation And Its Globalization Japanese anime traces its roots to the early 1900s but not many of the early works have survived for varied reasons. One of the reasons that led to the loss of these works was the sale of reels to smaller cinemas once the clips had run. These were then disassembles and sold as single frames, but even with the loss of the early anime works, Japanese anime made major popularity growth in the 1970s when filmmakers in Japan experimented with animation techniques used in the western world (West (2008). The reason for this success was that in as much as the filmmakers explored the western techniques, they totally distanced themselves with the western roots and instead developed different genres among the mecha. With this, anime went main stream in Japan in the 80s and what followed was an explosion in production. Real Robot, Space Opera, Macross and Gundam were among some of 80s most successful anime. Today, as other sectors in the Japanese economy are struggling, revenue from anime related products has risen to over $100 billion, up from a tenth of this figure ten years ago (Brienza 2009). Anime is undoubtedly a savior to the Japanese culture. It is of a lot of interest to be able to understand how what was initially targeted at Japanese children has today become such a global sensation. This is what we seek to find out. Growth and Globalization of Japanese Animation Growth of anime a midst issues of language barrier and distinct world cultures is one thing that has never ceased to amaze anime lovers and critics alike. The world is today a global village and anime has been embraced in all the corners of the globe, with fans linking and discussing new and old productions in blogs and fan sites (Leonard, 2004). One of the things that fueled growth of anime to the corners of the world was fan distribution. Fan Distribution Anime was distributed among fans in the 70s through to the 90s via various non conventional methods. Fans made copies which were circulated to other fans and this created anime fan networks especially in America which imported and distributed videos to a large number of underground enthusiasts (Leonard, 2004).All this happened during the pre internet age and with the growth of fan networks, so did many players within those circles make fortunes. Knowledge and love for Japanese animation spread via these underground networks and in the process widespread commercial exploitation of anime was witnessed. Popularity of Anime in the American market It should be very well understood that the American cultural Imperialism was not a factor in pulling anime and other Japanese products to America and instead people voluntarily accepted anime for reasons that some experts say were because they provided an alternative to Hollywood (Davis, 2008). As technology improved, so did the fan networks make use of the available technologies to spread the anime message and more enthusiasts came on board. Language barrier was overcome when the fans added sub titles to the videos and as a matter of fact, fan subtitles is an exclusive feature of anime. The subtitles were facilitated at the end of the 80s in America following a wide availability of computers that were mainly Commodore Amiga and Macintosh brands (Auzenne, 1994). The availability of generator locking device, a hardware that enabled television sets to accept two simultaneous signals of video signal and computer output made it possible to have subtitles that were recorded on cassettes and distributed to the large network of fans. With sub titles, fans could not only appreciate the graphics but also understand the content of anime and how they depicted the various aspects of the Japanese culture. One of the most successful anime was Astra Boy, a production that realized huge commercial success and is still loved today. (Auzenne, 1994). When Walt Disney released Spirited Away directed by Hayao Miyazaki which did very well both in America and Japan at some point out selling Titanic in Japan, the film industry took notice and currently, American film companies making investments in this segment (Davis, 2008). They are mainly attracted to anime for their costs, producing anime is way cheaper than the block busters and they do make huge successes in theatres and DVD sales, coupled with the movie industry being very high risk and big budget productions failing miserably, anime has presented a wonderful opportunity to film makers in America to break even with their productions Anime has since evolved from an underground fortune maker in the 70s to a mainstream commercially viable industry. In America, anime has won the hearts of many and the winning of an Oscar by Miyazaki Hayaos anime, Spirited Away, in 2002 for best animated feature film was a clear show of just how much anime has been embraced in the American way of life (Davis, 2008). Today, America is animes biggest market with anime TV programs in the US jumping from13 at the start of the 90s to 37 in the first quarter of 2006 (Davis, 2008). In 2004, the revenues from character licensing, home videos and cinema screenings topped $2.94 billion which was much more than what the value of steel imported by US from Japan, additionally Pokemon and Yu-Gi-Oh! made it to Americas top five prime time animated programs, anime is clearly Japans biggest export to the states today. Technology has since been a catalyst to the spread of anime as fans could with the internet, link and deliberate on topics and new releases (Auzenne, 1994). Subtitlers also known as fansubbers have also not been left behind, today, they can easily find each other online and work together to translate the latest anime. The translation process for Manga entails a fan scanning the pages and e mailing them to a translator who would then translate to a language of choice, usually English, a proofreader would then check the translation after which some other person known as the cleaner would replace the Japanese with English into the speech bubbles. The final product is then available for free down loads online. The internet has presently given room for publishing and distribution of anime at an unforeseen scale and is one of its biggest growth ingredients. Japanese anime has managed to stand up to American cartoon productions for reasons that it is much un-Disney and therefore offers an alternative to animation lovers in other parts of the world like Europe where several people are quite uncomfortable with American productions for their materialism and vulgarism which is likely to influence their rich cultural heritage that has been kept for many generations, a risk they cannot afford. Some critics argue that the world is moving towards homogeneity with the American culture being the world culture but the acceptance of anime and Manga in Europe for fear of being Americanized is a clear show that people around the world are yet to put their cultural heritage aside for the American way of life. Anime clearly differentiates gender with market niches properly divided for girls, boys, young men and women. Manga separates gender roles and this makes the dramatic anime story line in gender inclining tales when characters bridge the wide gap between the sexes. A typical example is the anime Ranma 1/2 based on a Manga by Rumiko Takahashi in which a boy who because of a previous dip in a Chinese magic pool turns into a girl when splashed with cold water. The extremes of the two genders are clearly depicted in this piece (Levi, McHarry Pagliassotti 2008). Americans have clearly gone beyond acceptance and taken the business opportunities presented by the popularity of manga and anime. Hollywood has not been left out of the boom and Walt Disney has today made enormous investments in the art, which apart from being popular, is also lucrative, coming at a time when most box office movies are not breaking even, anime is not just a rescue to the Japanese culture but a shot in the arm to Hollywood . Anime and manga in Europe and other parts of the world Other than America, Miyazakis Spirited Away also won a Golden Bear Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2002. As at the start of 2006 there were 18 Japanese anime airing on a German TV channel. China is one place that Japanese anime is not expected to be very popular given the seriousness with which foreign content is restricted by the government. The debut of the animated feature film Gin-iro-no Kami no Agito at 1000 theatres in the spring of 2006 in China was a show of how just much Japanese anime has taken over the world. The reason for anime success outside Japan, Kubo Masakavu, the chief producer of Pokeman said, was the quality that is very different from western animation with the difference being its characters that he said capture the heart of viewers and brings out their emotions (West, M. I. 2008). The United Kingdom is one of the most consecutive countries. The British have for generations been skeptical about other cultures and today, they broadcast very distinct TV programs from their American brothers. A look at programming on Cebebees, a children channel of the BBC, depicts a culture that has kept its morals intact for generations. It is with these conservative ideologies that the acceptance of Manga and anime in the British culture has never ceased to amaze many critics. When anime by the name, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles debuted in the UK, the audience felt that the word Ninja was an inappropriate connotation that was unfit for the animes young audience and the title was changed to Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles. (Laird Eastman, 2009). Several articles were written about anime in major newspapers especially in The Independent during the early 90s when Island World and the horror story Urotsukidoji were released with the later being poorly rated by its audience who claimed to have had nightmares. (Laird Eastman, 2009). Even with many articles in the UK papers, there was never an anti-anime wave in the country and there was a belief of anime explosion like in other European countries, something that never happened, the British did accept anime and manga but on their own terms, choosing to edit what they see as inappropriate and embracing what suits their way of life. The same is not however the case in Spain, France, Sweden and Italy where anime has had an explosion with an active fan base who have web sites at all levelsb to keep the enthusiasts in touch with each other and new releases. The love for anime in China China has for the past 30 years been a market that the Japanese anime have quite some grip and currently, millions of anime and manga consumers live in China giving rise to a market of $14.6 billion a year (Brienza, 2009). Anime debuted China in 1979 with Astro Boy which is one of Japans most known anime characters, which was aired on China Central Television (CCTV) in black and white in 1980 after translation to Chinese. Astro boy was at that time used as an image to promote Casio calculator products which have since been very popular in China and so has Japanese anime with comic books being major components of stock at most magazine kiosks in Shanghai (Chen, 2006). The Chinese government has today banned Japanese anime like Death Note from TV broadcast but that action hasnt stopped the millions of fans who have sought the anime on pirated television shows and DVDs alongside fan sites. Young Chinese today, do not really care about the historical differences between the two nations in their consumption of cartoon products, which they do indiscriminately by going for what appeals to them (Brienza,2009) People tend to embrace exotic cultures when certain aspects of these cultures share into their local values. Japanese anime have themes of perseverance, friendship, striving towards certain goals and fighting a good fight which appeals to the global audience and this has made it very acceptable to many (Bouissou J. 2006). Anime however, got language gateways through English, Chinese and French via which the cartoon art extended globally. With the help of amateur subtitlers, in the 80s and 90s, the anime gospel was taken to English speaking nations and this breakthrough is one of the reasons the art is where it is presently. With chinas population at worlds highest today, manga and anime can only get bigger in this part of the world, presenting a wonderful opportunity to industry players to show their creative prowess by continually releasing to the market, productions that will live through generations. Techniques in Japanese anime Some of the techniques used in creating these globally acceptable productions include character design, coloring and eye size (Brienza, 2009). Characters are designed to human body proportions to separate them from western cartoons, this sometimes vary when if emphasis is needed on certain body parts. The eyes in anime are usually large to show distinct emotions. The technique is believed to have been first used by Osamu Tezuka who borrowed it from American cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Betty Boop. Coloring that is usually added to the cornea is intended to give depth to the eyes, it should however be noted that not all anime have large eyes and some works especially by Toshiro Kawamoto and Hayao Miyazaki have been known for proportional eyes with realistic colors which is very close to Japanese art. Music in Japanese anime Music in used in productions is very close to Japanese pop, as an industry, anime has developed its own genre known as anison. Anime today has its own songs and the release of an animation video is usually accompanied by a soundtrack album. Behind the United States is Japan in terms of the of the music market with most of the music consumed in Japan being Japanese. The music combines kanji (on sound) and the gaku (fun and comfort) to produce what the Japanese call ongaku, a genre of music which is well incorporated in anime (Brienza, 2009). Anime in South America Latin America has not been left out with manga and anime enthusiasts found in Venezuela, Chile, Mexico and throughout the entire region. Several websites have been set up in this part of the world to help connect fans and provide a platform for sharing and discussing anime related issues. Anime News Network (ANN) Latin America is one such site that has enabled fans to make contributions and share their anime experiences (Bouissou, 2006). The site has created chapters in most if not all of the South American countries to help fans connect and share issues at country level. The emergence of such sites have been a major tool in facilitating non English and French speaking nations appreciate anime. Fans get the Espanola and Portuguese translations very fast and can as well collaborate in sub titling which in most cases end up in enthusiasts setting businesses from the collaborations and making fortunes from these ventures. Anime News Network Latin America also runs a weekly podcast where hosts give opinions on the days news, review of some of the latest titles on offer; interview some major players in the anime and manga industry. Listeners can at the same time call in and make contributions to the topics being discussed as well as pose questions to guests. The site has a section where fans can find certain features of Japan including guided tour of interesting historic sites and for such, it has been a good way of fans connecting to the characters beyond the videos by understanding how they are regarded in the Japanese culture (Schodt 1996). Similar sites have been set up in South Africa, India, Australia and many other regions of the world to serve enthusiasts in the same way. It worth noting that Japanese anime is not only meant for entertainment but is also used in education sector especially in Japan and is working very well with kids who find it as a very friendly illustration tool. Conclusion Manga and anime have clearly gone global and is today appreciated by people of diverse cultural beliefs and walks of life. There is unanimity that people went for manga and the fan networks in the 70s flourished because of the content of anime which has since stayed the same. There is a general feeling that the whole world is converging at the American culture a view which we have seen as not true with many nations accepting manga just because it is an opposite alternative to American cartoons. The globalization of anime started at a time when sharing information was very difficult with tapes being delivered physically from one fan to the next, which is very different from today where fans can with internet, at the click of a button link to share ideas and even go further and cooperate on anime projects without any physical contacts. The genre of anime can today get access into more cultures with these technological advancements. There is however a general consensus on the strength and morality in the Japanese culture, which has appealed to many, who interact with anime and manga. Anime today, from the figures released by Japanese and American authorities is not only a major revenue earner to the worlds third largest economy but also a leading cultural ambassador, which has done quite a good job in letting the world know and appreciate the uniqueness of the Japanese way of life (Chen Teng 2006), Producers of anime should continue giving the world wonderful entertainment, something they have for close to 100 years done with great perfection and sense of responsibility. Having kept their content above the expected minimum for close to a century, todays anime enthusiasts have no doubt that more generations from all over the world will be entertained by anime.

Walmart Global Expansion

Wal-Mart’s Global Expansion Introduction Sam Walton established Wal-Mart at Arkansas in 1962. It has grown dramatically over the last 40 years and has become one of the world’s largest retailers with the sales of $401 billion in a year ending Jan. 31st 2009. Wal-Mart has approximately 7,000 stores globally with 2 million employees. It is the largest private employer in Mexico and Canada with the employee figures hitting around 1. 4 million in this region. It also operates 3,600 additional stores in 16 worldwide markets that include China, Japan, South Korea, India and United Kingdom. Wal-Mart does particularly well in Canada where they have a chain of 314 stores. In 2008, it had 92,284,000 dollars of gross profit. Wal-Mart serves its customers and members over 200 million times per week and ranked first among retailers in Fortune Magazine’s 2009 Most Admired Companies survey. Wal-Mart provides sustainability- focused products. Wal-Mart not only provides jobs for senior citizens and students but also provide opportunities to build careers with competitive salaries. The retailer claims that 75% of its stores management team joined the company as hourly sales associates. Wal-Mart has also got an impressive ethical policy which includes regular use of recycling products and creating almost zero landfill waste. The company also makes vast amount of donations to different local level charitable organizations every year for improving people’s lives, which made Wal-Mart a trusted organization for funding the community programs to address hunger, homelessness, education, job training and other basic needs. International Expansion of Wal-Mart and its Benefits By 1990, Wal-Mart realized that the opportunities for growth in United States is becoming limited because of the saturation of the market and decided to expand their business globally. Their international expansion put a greater impact on international market and has changed the way business is conducted globally. It has also increased the benefits for the consumers as it helps them spend less money on goods they purchase. The company’s relationship with their key suppliers such as General Electronics (For appliances), Unilever (For Food Products) and Procter & Gamble (For Personal care products) is very good. All these suppliers are internationally recognized with vast global expansion and because of this Wal-Mart are able to demand deeper discounts from the local operations of its suppliers. Apart from these world renowned suppliers Wal-Mart also does business with more than 2,500 minority and women-owned business enterprises (MWBE). The result of this good relationship with suppliers means they can lower their prices to attract more consumers, gain market share and increase their profit margins in international market. Wal-Mart claims in its data sheet for December 2009 that its international business achieved 11. % rise in sales for the whole financial year. Except the profit and market share another benefit of international expansion for Wal-Mart is the flow of different ideas for example, a double-floor store in New York was opened because of the success of multi-floor stores in South Korea. Other ideas such as the layout of the wine department in Argentina have now been used into th e layouts of company’s stores worldwide. Wal-Mart is also constantly trying to improve its reputation ethically and consistently helping over 100,000 charitable and community-focused organizations by providing financial and volunteer support. Retailer’s policy of buying fair-trade products in the international market is also attracting the attention of many consumers to shop in Wal-Mart. Risks When Entering Other Retail Markets The idea of expanding internationally was initially jeered off and the critics showed that Wal-Mart’s style of trading only suits to an American market, which in other countries is not going to work because of the different market structure, people’s taste and the popularity of already established retailers. But instead of all the critics Wal-Mart went ahead with an idea and in 1991opened their first international branch in Mexico. Expanding business internationally also brought some risks for the retailer as being new in the market they faced problems like bad infrastructure, lack of leverage from their suppliers and no knowledge about consumers taste, which resulted the rise in prices of their products and lack of interest from the consumers. One prime example of this kind of mistake was in Mexico where they merchandised products like ice skates, lawn mowers and fishing tackles which were good sellers in United States but without a surprise didn’t do well in Mexico. Managers had to reduce prices to sell that stock but it was re-ordered because of the automated ordering system. These problems created a large risk to prove the critics right about Wal-Mart not surviving internationally. Diminishing the Risks Wal-Mart learned vastly from their experience in Mexico and after that whenever they entered any international market they took strict measures on not repeating the same mistakes. To avoid risks of making past mistakes they made deals with vehicle companies which means improved and frequent distribution system, adapted local environment and merchandised goods in stores that appealed local tastes. With the grown presence of Wal-Mart in the international market their suppliers built factories near the distribution centers so they could serve the company better, which meant frequent inventory and cutting down the cost to get better market share. These are the tactics that has made Wal-Mart one of the most successful and globally recognized retailer in the world. Entering Mexico via Joint Venture Wal-Mart first entered Mexico through a joint venture with Cifera, because it was the largest local retailer in Mexico which was somehow within the standard as Wal-Mart was in the United States. The other reason it entered through a joint venture was because they wanted to be on the safe side when entering a new market considering they had no previous experience of the market they were planning to enter and hoped the experience from Cifera will help them in making their brand global, which they had planned to do after the market in America got saturated for domestic growth. Financial Aspect of Joint Venture As for the financial aspect of joint venture seems to be that both companies can benefit from the profit as well as share the risk and cost. Get a greater access to resources which both companies can share with each other and also the availability for both companies to a new market distribution. While not to forget the risk of this particular idea for a business is that every company has different objectives on how to move forward with the business. The other risk is the communication flow as one company can be centralized and the other decentralized. Purchase of Joint Venture Partner The major reason believed to push Wal-Mart to buy of their Mexican joint venture partner Cifera. Was that they had gained enough experience working in Mexico which was around about 7 years and during that time they had increased their sales of good as well as made contacts to help them prosper without the help of having a joint venture. After getting exposed and experience within the market they had considered to start their own chain of stores to have a firsthand control rather than having to collaborate with their partner to make certain decisions. The other reason could be considered that is since their deployment in the Mexico during 1991 when goods were being sold at 20 percent more than in the States due to various different conditions such as transport and production of goods. They were able to sort out the problem by at first having a deal in place with a major transport company to bring products from their factory to the stores in Mexico, which later on opted on suppliers to open factories around areas where stores were located which enabled to cut down on logistics cost. Having this in place they were able to provide the same goods in the same price as they did in the States. Difference of Strategy for Dominance Before explaining the strategy that Wal-Mart pursued it would be helpful in understanding the strategies. As per the question four different strategies were provided to consider and show the one chosen by Wal-Mart to match its strategic choice and why. The four strategies are global strategy, localization strategy, international strategy, and transnational strategy. Global standardization strategy is a â€Å"strategy that focuses on increasing profitability by reaping cost reductions from experience curve and location economies† (Hill, 2009). Localization strategy is a â€Å"plan which focuses on increasing profitability by customizing the goods or services to match tastes in national markets† (Hill, 2009). Transnational strategy is a â€Å"plan to exploit experience-based cost and location economies, transfer core competencies with the firm, and pay attention to local responsiveness† (Hill, 2009). Lastly international strategy is â€Å"trying to create value by transferring core competencies to foreign markets where indigenous competitors lack those competencies† (Hill, 2009). Domination The strategy that Wal-Mart used to go global from United States was the global strategy at first in Mexico but after noticing that the strategy has no affect rather than sales going up they had to cut down the price of goods to be able to sell them. This enabled the company to change from global to localization strategy which is to focus on increasing profitability by customizing the firm’s goods or services they provide a good match to tastes and preferences in different national markets. This enabled them to adapt to the local market and provide goods that matched the local environment. As for making sense of this strategy it was a valuable and the right decision considering the outcome from the change. As profit grew so did the hold in the market as well as outsmarting their nearest rival by having more than twice as many stores within the country. Conclusion To conclude, Wal-Mart benefited vastly from their global expansion. It experienced an increase of global market share, reputation and profit margin. It also gained economies of scales. Although, they faced massive problems when they took their business internationally but they quickly learned from their mistakes and adapted the strategies according to different international markets, which benefited them in many ways. Wal-Mart ranked 8th in 2009 Forbes Magazine’s of global companies but 1st in global retailers ranking and if they keep attracting consumers by their business strategies then without a doubt it will stay the top retailer for a long time.

A Guide to 2017 Ap English Literature Exam Essay Samples

A Guide to 2017 Ap English Literature Exam Essay Samples The text demonstrates that Mama is a highly effective influence on Esch from the easy use of language in the household. You'll also have to give insights in regards to the distinct historical, cultural, or social context. In this way, the author clarifies the relationship between the examples and their use and meaning. It is the principal component that contributes to the significance of a poem. The Downside Risk of 2017 Ap English Literature Exam Essay Samples Just place your order for virtually any sort of essay, and it's going to be done at the maximal level. There are numerous essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the real collection of the very best. To approach such a writing, there are numerous steps which you could take to prepare. Becoming certain about something can on occasion be misleading or misunderstood. Their reliability may not be questioned by cus tomers. Along with the free College Board resources, in addition, there are several places online where you are able to acquire free, unofficial practice tests. The whole practice tests supply the advantage of assisting you to pare off your AP English Literature and Composition review by focusing your study time on the topics you wish to review. Simply take another practice test to recognize areas that still require reinforcement. You have to make a strong well-supported analysis instead. Alternately, there are a number of on-line study resources out there. If you would like to acquire high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. There are more than a few reasons as to why you, much like numerous different students out there, choose to take care of the draining data collection and research work on your own. 1 essay question will request that you offer you an analysis of one text. 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So, students should guess if they don't know an answer on the multiple-choice part of the exam. On the actual tests students will be given a complete passage to read, but for these questions they will need to be provided with the text separately. Some students think about the totally free response section being the hardest portion of the whole English exam. Bubble just like you've never bubbled before and you may squeeze a couple more correct answers from the offer. As it happens, you will also see more in-depth questions asking you to determine nuanced particulars. Each question is accompanied by a thorough explanation, so that in the event you miss one, you can find out where you went wrong and not make the identical mistake again later on. It's possible to come across extra practice questions in the program description, and more free-response questions can be discovered on AP Ce ntral. In doing so, you must analyze the part of literary devices present in the text. Within the next portion of the multiple-choice section, you will display your capability to analyze text. For statistically significant outcome, effect sizes were calculated to set the amount of practical significance. The early test will allow you to determine what you have to work on, and the later test will reveal to you how you've improved!

Q1.2 Classify each of the following as a violation of...

Q1.2: Classify each of the following as a violation of confidentiality, integrity, availability, or of some combination (and state what that is). (a) During the final examination, Alice copies an answer from another student’s paper, then realizes that answer is wrong and corrects it before submitting her paper for grading. Answer: If a classroom policy allows the student to work with another student for an assignment or test should be fine. But, the above statement says Alice initially copied an answer from another student during the final examination – which is case of violation of both integrity as well as confidentiality, even if she later changes the answer realizing it was incorrect. (b) Bob registers the domain name†¦show more content†¦Answer: This is a case of violation of confidentiality and availability as Fran being able to access the information of average grades of students for any particular course puts information of grades of other students exposed. (f) George uses an extension to listen-in on her brother’s telephone conversation and accidentally forgets to hang-up the phone when he is done listening. Answer: This is a case of violation of confidentiality and availability because having legitimate access to someone else’s personal telephonic conversations and also to not hang-up the phone after listening makes the phone line to be engaged and unavailable for further use until he hangs it properly. Q1.3: What kind of security property is each of the following? (a) The grade for the assignment is available only to the student who submitted that assignment. Answer: Confidentiality property and also a right of privacy for the student. (b) If your course grade changed, then the professor made that change. Answer: Integrity property as only an authorized faculty has the right to make changes to the course grade. (c) The output is produced by the CS Department web server. Answer: Integrity property as this protection mechanism ensures the output is from the authorized department and protects its information. (d) Requests to the web server are not processed out of order. Answer: Availability property as

The Myers Briggs Personality Test - 1166 Words

Who are you? Many fortune cookies, horoscopes, and other whimsical devices attempt to tell us our personalities, or our combination of traits and behaviors that make up who we are. However, psychologists today deviate from those unsubstantiated methods and have concocted various personality tests that give us a better understanding of who we are. One such test is called the Myers-Briggs personality test. Based on theories by Carl Jung, but primarily created by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, the test gives people a standardized survey of questions to answer. Standardized, meaning the test is given and scored in the exact same way every time to give unbiased and accurate results. It scores people in four pairs of characteristics, so there is a total of 16 possible personality types. Each pair of characteristics are opposites and a person can fall anywhere between the extreme end of one opposite to the extreme end of the other. The pairs are extrovert ed and introverted, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, finally judging and perceiving. A person can have strong, moderate or weak tendencies towards a preference. (Rathus, 2010, p. 420) There is some criticism of the Myers-Briggs test however, not everyone fits into the categories. People may answer according to socially acceptable norms instead of their honest answers. Not all of the theories were proven, Carl Jung made many observations and deductions but they weren’t formallyShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1378 Words   |  6 PagesFor the Myers Briggs personality test I am an ISTP when I am stress and when I am at my best. I was surprised with these results due to the fact that my freshman year in the Harold Leadership Academy I was required to take the Myers Briggs assessment and scored the letters INFJ. I find myself leaning more towards INFJ because the test was at least seventy-five questions. When reading the definitions of ISTP and I NFJ I find that I would agree with my personality having a little bit of both. The MyersRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper describes the results of the Myers-Briggs personality types of extravert, intuitive, thinking, and judging (ENTJ). These personality results identify potential careers and occupations, communication types, and partner compatibility information. The research will describe the validity of each personality trait and the characteristics associated with the personality of ENTJ. Additionally, the research is beneficial for my career to gain an understanding of how I can apply my strengthsRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1278 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Myers-Briggs personality test was created; to understand diversity and help us learn and become better individuals to the world at large. This paper evaluates the results of my Myers-Briggs test and how it applies in my personal life and career. Furthermore, I discu ss what I have learned and how it it would benefit me in the future. ïÆ' ¼Needs work The Myers-Briggs personality test is designed to categorize human personality and behavior. Based on Carl Jung’s theory, Katherine C. Briggs and herRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test768 Words   |  4 PagesLindsey Osbon Mrs. Brennan English II H - 6th 5 September 2014 Lindsey Madison Osbon: The Supervisor Who would have known that four letters can describe a person in complete detail! The Myers Briggs Personality Test can explain your own personality better than you ever thought you could. My personality falls under ESTJ, which stands for extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging. ESTJ s are usually hard workers that use logic and tradition to complete things efficiently while staying organizedRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1343 Words   |  6 Pagesour personality type and temperament allows us to leverage our strengths and to recognize areas of weakness. This can also be extended to our interactions with others, so that we attempt to recognize the personality and temperaments of those around us, i.e. Typewatching, in order to facilitate more efficient and effective communication. In so doing, we can become better employees, managers, spouses, children, and, ultimately, for the Christian, more like Christ. The Myers-Briggs Personality TestRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Pe rsonality Test1478 Words   |  6 Pagesweek of class, we were asked to complete the Myers Briggs Personality test, and then to read up on our results. Once I had completed the typology â€Å"test†, I received my results in the form of four letters: INTJ, and afterwards, I decided to view what the four letters represented. Likewise, once I had begun to read the explanation provided by the website, I found that I was agreeing with several of the sentiments, as I felt it not only described my personality to near perfection, but also for the reasonRead MoreMyer Briggs Personality Test : Myer1516 Words   |  7 Pages Myer-Briggs Personality Test When taking the Myer-Briggs personality test I was somewhat nervous about my results because I was learning about myself answering the questions even before I completed the assessment. My results for the personality assessment were INFJ which means introverted intuitive feeling judging. According to the humanmetrics article, INFJs are distinguished by both their complexity of character and the unusual range and depth of their talents. The article also suggests theyRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test923 Words   |  4 Pagesto God that he gave me stubbornness when I know I am right†. John Adams, like myself was introverted, intellectual, thinking, and judging, or an INTJ on the Myers Briggs personality test. Like all INTJs, Adams was stubborn and flouted the ideas of others that he did not agree with. By using my results from the Meyers Briggs personality test, I can examine how I react to certain things and use this to improve my Spirituality, my relationship with God, and ultimately my relationship with others throughRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Personality Test is discussed in two steps. In Step 1, the results of my Myers-Briggs Personality test are discussed while going into detail about each letter. Real life examples are provided for context of each letter. The weaknesses of each letter are also discussed. In Step 2, the lessons learned about how it relates to organizational behavior and to my specific organization are discussed. Project 1: Myers-Briggs Personality Test Discussion The Myers-Brigg Typology test is designedRead MoreMyers Briggs Personality Test : Evaluation997 Words   |  4 Pagesweek’s assignment will focus on Myers-Briggs personality test, which will include results from the Jung typology test. I have learned that my Jung Typology results is a ENTJ which put me in the Executive type of leadership position. ENTJ I will discuss ENTJ personality as a whole and the meaning of each letter within the results. Finally I will touch up on what I have learned as a whole and how to improve myself within my organization. ENTJ ENTJ according to Myers-Briggs are naturally born leaders and

Room 101 Talk Ideas Free Essays

Arun day 9D1 English (go compare adverts-traffic jams-midges) 20/12/12 the first thing i would put in room 101 would be the most irritating thing probley on TV which of course would be the go compare adverts. now how many people would want to listen to a crazy dancing loony tick running around yelling ‘go compare’. Also to make matters worse at the end of the advert you have probley got a headache from his deafening voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Room 101 Talk Ideas or any similar topic only for you Order Now I bet that quite a few people have literally turned off their TVs because of the adverts. so overall i think that’s why the go compare adverts should go in room 101 and fast. ow the second thing i would put in room 101 would be traffic jams. traffic jams in my opinion are just a waste of valuable time where you could be doing something better than sitting in your car somewhere half way down a motorway not moving. but when you do move you commonly move at least 100 yards before stopping again. now for example say you’re going to a family get together or meeting up with a old friend you don’t want to be late. but guess what there’s probley a 3 mile long traffic jam and when you finally reach your destination you get moaned like it was your fault for not being on time. But what really annoys me is when you have your window open in a traffic jam and all of a sudden a midge decides to appear then of course it bites you. Now that brings me onto my third thing i hate. the reason i hate this little bugs are because of their annoying but painful little bites that don’t stop hurting for around a week. also i hate it when i walk into Tesco’s and see the midge repellents which say they work but trust me they don’t. there’s nothing at all that can stop these fly’s from biting your skin and ruining your summer holidays. I hope you all see why these three things should go into room 101. thank you for listening. How to cite Room 101 Talk Ideas, Papers

Juvenile Sex Offenders free essay sample

A new issue in the Juvenile Justice System Morgan Cotter Juvenile Justice CJ 307-A Dr. Monica Robbers Marymount University December 7, 2009 Juvenile Sex Offenders: A new issue in the Juvenile Justice System The classification and treatment of juvenile sex offenders is a unique issue in the Juvenile Justice System today. This is either because we do not have much research on the recidivism rates of repeat juvenile offenders or not all cases are reported. In order to understand a sociopathic adolescent with sexually abusive tendencies provides a set of challenges that need special attention from the juvenile justice system. Additional attention from the Mental Health Systems are required when discussing the characteristics of the typical offender, the risk factors for juvenile sex offending and the treatment and intervention programs that are being used to prevent juvenile sexual recidivism. Characteristics of a typical juvenile sex offender: A debate has risen over whether or not juvenile sexual offenders evoke unique characteristics distinctive from non-sexual juvenile sexual offenders (Bonomo, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Sex Offenders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some differences between a juvenile sex offender and non-sexual delinquents are that non-sexual delinquents are more socially introverted, more likely to engage in hostility, and are prone to be resentful (Bonomo, 2004). Juvenile sex offenders often happen to have higher levels of anxiety and are more prone to social isolation. Another way to investigate the characteristics of a typical juvenile sex offender is to administer an assessment. In the research article â€Å"Offense Related Characteristics and Psychosexual Development of Juvenile Sex Offenders† they used the Global Assessment Instrument for Juvenile Sex Offenders (GALJSO) to determine the psychosexual development of the offenders. The GALJSO is used to identify, investigate, and predict the validity of a juvenile sex offender to re-offend or harm another again. The study was broken down into three different sub categories: 1. Child Molesters who abused children who were at least four more years younger than themselves. 2. Solo Peer Offenders who assaulted peers or older persons on their own. 3. Group Offenders who assaulted peers or older persons in a group consisting of two or more people (Doreleijers, 2009). The results of the study concluded that amongst the three sub categories, the Child Molesters showed the most concern in relation to domain offense. This may have to do with the way they developed as a child. If has been found that children who have been molested run the risk of becoming molesters themselves (Bijleveld 2008, p. 24). Those who have not been molested still show family issues as children. The study also showed that family problems were more frequently found amongst the Child Molester sub category as well. Children who were often neglected or isolated by their families often presented antisocial behaviors and negative attitudes. Those who sexually offended peers their own age presented less emotional issues than those who molested children. It is hard to characterize female’s personalities or behavioral traits in relation to juvenile sex offending because there is not a lot of research on girls who sexually abuse. In the journal â€Å"Examining the Sexual Offenses of Female Juveniles; the relevance of childhood maltreatment† they share a 2007 report in which the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice covered a five year period from 2001-2006 in which they determined that females constitute for 5%-10% of juvenile sex offenders (Krysik, J. 2008). Since the percentage of female juvenile sex offenders is significantly smaller than male juvenile sex offender’s females receive less attention. Juvenile sex offenders are not all alike when it comes to personality or behavioral traits. The largest groups of sexual offenders are considered to fall into the category of being antisocial or impulsive in their behaviors and personalities. Traits or characteristics that the antisocial or impulsive juvenile sex offenders reveal are poor academics, aggression, disruptive behavioral issues, and association with other antisocial peers (Bosley, J. 2003 p 572). Mostly all antisocial or impulsive juvenile sex offenders have a history of physical and emotional abuse. Also most of the antisocial or impulsive juvenile sex offenders have been introduced to ubstance use and abuse at a young age (Bosley, J. 2003, p. 572). But the most essential characteristics of antisocial or impulsive juvenile sex offending are the high levels of psychopathology and externalizing problem behaviors that they act on. The second most prevalent personality or behavioral trait that a juvenile sex offender can be categorized in is the unusual or isolated character type. The unusual or isolated juvenile s ex offender is strange, solitary, and confused (Bosley, J. 2003, p. 573). Rather than externalizing their behavior like the antisocial or impulsive juvenile sex offender, the unusual or isolated juvenile sex offender internalizes their behaviors. In doing so they prevent themselves from forming and maintaining healthy mature relationships. The third most prevalent personality or behavioral characteristic that a juvenile sex offender can be categorized as is the over controlled or reserved type. The over controlled or reserved juvenile sex offender has a pro-social attitude, avoids expressing emotions and is very shy (Bosley, J. 2003 p. 573). This juvenile sex offender is quiet and extremely aloof in nature. The last personality or behavioral characteristic that a juvenile sex offender can be categorized as is the confident or aggressive type. The confident or aggressive juvenile sex offender is friendly, out-going, self-assured, narcissist in nature and shows a severe lack of empathy for human emotions (Bosley, J. 2003 p. 574). This juvenile sex offender can be out-going in nature but in secrecy he has no human compassion. The antisocial/impulsive attitudes and the unusual/isolated attitudes are the two most common types of juvenile sex offenders, and are also the more socially awkward of the four categories. That being said, the over controlled/reserved attitudes and the confident/aggressive attitudes can be the most frightening because these individuals make sure to â€Å"fit-in† both types trying to depict pro-social behaviors. The most difficult of the four categories of behaviors or personalities to explain are the confident/aggressive juvenile sex offenders because these sociopathic individuals are adept at appearing â€Å"normal† when in fact they lack a healthy conscience, thereby freely using deceit to satisfy their selfish desires, all the while pretending to be someone who is friendly and out-going. Risk Factors: There are many risks that must be taken into consideration while dealing with a juvenile sex offender. At the time of arrest the juvenile sex offender is administered a risk assessment. The risk assessment begins to determine the intensity of supervision the juvenile sex offender requires when the juvenile is released back into society, how long the treatment will last, whether or not there is a likelihood of recidivism which would lead to the notification of the community and the level of retention the juvenile requires; family home, therapeutic home, in or out patient rehabilitation or a secure criminal justice facility (Bosley, J. 003 p. 575). The risk assessment allows the police officers, judges and the juvenile therapists to rate the duration and punishment of the juvenile sex offender. If they release a juvenile sex offender to soon they run the risk of the offender committing another crime. If they do not get the juvenile sex offender the treatment and care he or she needs th an they run the risk of allowing a mentally unhealthy adolescent back out onto the streets. The results of risk assessment should present more than enough information in order to support both clinicians and legal professionals to reach an understanding of each delinquent. The prime risk factor that the Juvenile Justice System and Mental Health Professions most face when it comes to a juvenile sex offender is whether or not they will re-offend when released. The most highly respected test that indicates recidivism rates of juvenile sex offenders is the â€Å"Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol† which targets four major factors: sexual drive/preoccupation, impulsive/antisocial behaviors, clinical/interventional, and community stability/adjustment (Bosley, J. 2003 p. 578). The Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol is used to avoid the probability that a juvenile sex offender once released will relapse and act defiantly. If all four factors are not met than the juvenile sex offender cannot be released from the institute in which they reside. The most important risk factor to keep in mind is to not allow harmful people back onto the streets. To avoid this we must provide treatment and interventions with concentrated individual care, this way we can avoid over looking anyone. Treatments and Interventions: The first objective of any intervention is to identify whether or not the offender is capable of causing harm to himself or to his community, in which case residential facilities are required. As of 1997 there were 600 treatment programs in the United States (Ertl, M. 1997) 100 of these programs occur in inpatient settings. Inpatient setting means that the juvenile sex offender is living in a therapeutic facility with supervision. In order to become a juvenile sex offender inpatient you must have numerous offenses. Within these offenses aggression has to have been enforced, and severe emotional/behavioral problems have been displayed (Ertl, M. 1997). The juvenile sex offender must have an antisocial attitude with no motivation for treatment. Some juvenile sex offenders may have suicidal or homicidal thoughts, which usually means automatic inpatient therapy. Some research backs the notion that juvenile sex offenders should be placed in facilities with only juvenile sex offenders not all juvenile delinquents. This is due to treatment centers trying to have individual focuses. It has been discussed that individuals who are undergoing treatment would rather be around others who experience the same problems and are undergoing similar if not the same type of treatment. This way no one feels as if one delinquent is worse or better than the other. Inpatient facilities are effective most of the time because the juvenile sex offenders live within the facilities. They have a strict regime everyday that must be followed. Some facilities that juvenile sex offender’s will be living in are juvenile detention centers, this means that the juvenile sex offender will be treated in the detention center rather then in a therapeutic community like rehabilitation. One study conducted by Bijleveld and Hendricks in 2008 shows that of 114 male juvenile sex offenders who lived in a residential treatment facility only 11% re-offended (Bijleveld, C. 2008 p. 23). This is the lowest percentage of recidivism thus far. Just in 1993 a study conducted by Rubenstein found that the percentage for general recidivism for juvenile sex offenders to be 89%. This may have to do with the rise in concern for recidivism amongst juvenile sex offenders. Group therapy has proven to console those who have a problem, and to show them they are not alone; this is why researchers believe that juvenile sex offenders should only be facilitated with other juvenile sex offenders. Group therapy provides comfort from peers and practices social skills, which provide opportunities for learning and modeling by peers (Ertl, M. 1997). Juvenile sex offender’s can gain knowledge and insight on others who suffer from the same sexual arousal issues they encompass. Group therapy could also include family group therapy. Treatments and interventions do not only affect the offender but also the offender’s family. Since family life is the most important structure for an adolescent it is imperative that family life does not pose as a potential threat for relapse. Rather the family needs to provide a combination of relapse preventions, which would make a significant difference in recidivism rates. Families are the most fundamental structures juveniles have. When a child has no help or support from their families they run the risk of becoming a delinquent. Family therapy also allows the family to express their feelings towards the actions of their juvenile. This also plays a productive role in recovery because when someone hears from a loved one how much he hurt or disappointed his family, it will make him want to change. Another reason why family therapy is so important is because the juvenile sex offender may not have been aware of how serious sexual abuse is. Continuing education and sexual discussions are supposed to come from parents or teachers. Family group therapy allows both the child and the family to educate themselves about juvenile sex offenders. Family group therapy allows the chance for not only the juvenile delinquent to learn about himself or herself, but also allows their families to gain insight on their motives. Future Research that can be conducted: As a society we have just recently started to classify what characterizes juvenile sex offenders. Now we need more advanced reports and follow up research that show whether or not treatment and or intervention have positive effects on the personality and on the behavior of the juvenile sex offender. A gender related issue in juvenile sex offending treatment programs is that most of the treatments are more focused on males reasoning for sexual offense rather then gender oriented reasons. Since the percentage of female juvenile sex offenders is limited, female juvenile sex offenders are often placed in group therapy sessions with other delinquent females (Krysik, J. 2008). Not all of these juvenile females are a sex offender, which unfortunately leads to the loss of the group dynamic. When one person cannot relate to the other person and the group dynamic is disoriented. Juvenile females individual needs and treatment are left to the bare minimum, because the individual focus is only group related. As a traditional society we also need to keep in mind that a lot of sexual abuse reports are never filed. This is due to many individual factors. Demographic information could lend a hand in explaining these factors. Also moral, ethnic and religious values may keep an adolescent from wanting to tell their families about being sexually abused. For example a son may not want to tell his father that another boy at school sexually abused him. Because of these reasons we will never actually know the real percentage of juvenile sexual abuse that occurs in our society. As a society we need to keep an open mind to those who have mental and behavioral issues and those who become the victims of other peoples problems. Conclusion: The categorization and treatment of juvenile sex offenders is a relatively new issue in the Juvenile Justice System today. In order to prevent juvenile sexual recidivism and to comprehend a sociopathic juvenile with sexually offensive tendencies provides a set of challenges that need special attention from the Juvenile Justice System and the Mental Health System. Both are required when discussing the characteristics of the typical antisocial juvenile sex offender. Knowing the risk factors, and the importance of risk assessments and tests like the GALJSO for juvenile sex offending and recidivism gives us great insight on the likelihood that a juvenile sex offender will re-offend. Knowing the importance of treatment and intervention programs either inpatient or outpatient group therapy or family therapy is a key component while trying to understand the reasoning and ethics behind being a juvenile sex offender.